Challenging Words In The Article The Hindu | 16 April 2018

1) Prodigious (adjective): (विलक्षण, अति विशाल)
Meaning– very large in size, force, or extent; enormous
Synonyms- enormous, huge, colossal, immense, vast, great
Antonyms- small, unexceptional

2) Arbiter (noun) :(मध्यस्थ)
Meaning– one who can settle a disagreement between parties
Synonyms- arbitrator, go-between, mediator, moderator, referee, adjudicator,judge

3) Discretionary (adjective) :(विवेकाधीन)
Meaning– considered to be chosen or voluntary
Synonyms- optional, non-compulsory, voluntary
Antonyms- compulsory, obligatory

4) Levy :(कर लगाना)
Meaning – to impose (a tax or fine) [Verb] , an act of levying a tax, fee, or fine. [Noun]
Synonyms- impose, charge, exact, demand, raise, collect
Antonyms – discharge, muster out

5) Incumbent (adjective) :(निर्भर)
Meaning–the person or group that currently has the title or position [Noun], necessary for (someone) as a duty or responsibility
Synonyms- holder, bearer, occupant, current, existing, present
Antonyms- past, future

6) Substantial (adjective) :(ठोस)
Meaning – referring to something that is greater or larger than normal
Synonyms-: considerable, real, material, weighty, solid, sizeable
Antonyms – insubstantial, worthless

7) Impetus (noun) :(प्रेरणा, कारण)
Meaning – a force that causes something to be done or to become more active
Synonyms- motivation, stimulus, incitement, incentive, inducement
Antonyms – hindrance

8) Tangible :(वास्तविक, स्पर्श द्वारा प्रत्यक्ष)
Meaning – capable of being touched(Adjective), a thing that is perceptible by touch( Noun)
Synonyms- touchable, palpable, tactile, material, physical
Antonyms – intangible, impalpable, untouchable

Idioms/Phrases/Phrasal Verbs

9) Jump through hoops (Idiom) – ( कुछ पाने के लिए कई चुनौतियों को पूरा करना)
Meaning– To face or have to complete many challenges in pursuit of something that one wants/Do just about anything to please someone.
Synonyms- strive, try hard, attempt, endeavour, aim, aspire
Antonyms- drop, give up, quit

10) A bad apple (Phrase) – (एक व्यक्ति जिसका शब्द या क्रियाएं लोगों के पूरे समूह पर नकारात्मक प्रभाव डालती हैं)
Meaning–A person whose own words or actions negatively impacts an entire group of people.