Challenging Words In The Article The Hindu | 3 September  2018

All vocabulary: https://padhobeta.com/blog/category/the-hindu-word-meaning/

1. Word: Scrutiny (छान-बीन)

Pronunciation: skroot-n-ee/स्क्रूटनी
Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: a critical observation or examination.
Synonyms: investigation, review
Antonyms: disregard, neglect
Use in Sentence: Their enterprises have come under police scrutiny.

2. Word: Counterfeit (प्रतिरूप करना)

Pronunciation: koun-ter-fit/काउनर्फिट
Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning:
a. made in exact imitation of something valuable with the intention to deceive or defraud. [Adjective]

b. a fraudulent imitation of something else. [Noun]

c. imitate fraudulently. [Verb]

Synonyms: imitation, fake, artificial
Antonyms: real, genuine
Use in Sentence: It is a crime to counterfeit money.

3. Word: Spurt (उछाल)

Pronunciation: spurt/स्पर्
Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: an unexpected short increase in activity, development or effort
Synonyms: sprint, burst, flare, flare-up, flash, flicker
Antonyms: calm, doldrums, slump
Use in a Sentence: She felt a spurt of anger against her sister.

4. Word: Bulwark (बचाव)

Pronunciation: boo l-werk/बुल्वर्क
Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: a defensive wall.
Synonyms: barrier, safeguard
Antonyms: feebleness, feebleness
Use in Sentence: Law is the bulwark of community.

5. Word: Agitation (व्याकुलता)

Pronunciation: aj-i-tey-shuh n/ऐजिटेशन
Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: a state of anxiety or nervous excitement.
Synonyms: disquiet, distress
Antonyms: peace, calmness
Use in Sentence: The man was in a state of great agitation.

6. Word: Fiasco (असफलता)

Pronunciation: fee-as-koh/फीऐस्को
Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: a complete failure, especially a ludicrous or humiliating one.
Synonyms: disappointment, mess
Antonyms: success, triumph
Use in Sentence: The party was a complete fiasco.

7. Word: Amnesty (अपराध-विस्मरण)

Pronunciation: am-nuh-stee/ऐम्निस्टी
Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
Meaning:
a. an official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offenses. [Noun]

b. grant an official pardon to. [Verb]

Synonyms: exemption, forgiveness, liberation
Antonyms: adjudication, punishment, penalty
Use in a Sentence: The council granted an amnesty to all administrative captives.

8. Word: Disown (परित्याग करना)

Pronunciation: dis-ohn/डिसोन
Part of Speech: Verb
Meaning: refuse to acknowledge or maintain any connection with.
Synonyms: abandon, repudiate
Antonyms: accept, admit
Use in Sentence: Supervisors may disown their part in the appraisal system.

9. Word: Belie (मिथ्या सिद्ध करना)

Pronunciation: bih-lahy/बिलाइ
Part of Speech: Verb
Meaning:
a. (of an appearance) fail to give a true impression of (something).

b. fail to fulfil or justify (a claim or expectation).

Synonyms: misrepresent, contradict
Antonyms: prove, reveal
Use in Sentence: The facts of the situation belie his testimony.

10. Word: Disruption (विघ्न )

Pronunciation: dis-ruhp-shuh n/डिस्रप्शन
Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: disturbance or problems which interrupt an event, activity, or process.
Synonyms: interruption, turmoil, disorder
Antonyms: structure, array, order
Use in a Sentence: The strike is expected to cause delays and disruption to flights.

11. Word: Massive (विशाल)

Pronunciation: mas-iv/मैसिव
Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning: large and heavy or solid, exceptionally large
Synonyms: huge, enormous
Antonyms: miniature, small
Use in a Sentence: We must make massive efforts to improve it.

12. Word: Surge (प्रवाह के कारण आगे बढ़ना)

Pronunciation: सर्ज
Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
Meaning:
a. a sudden powerful forward or upward movement. [Noun]

b. move suddenly and powerfully forward or upward. [Verb]

Synonyms: Rise, Gush, Overflow
Antonyms: Decline, Diminish, Deteriorate
Use in a Sentence: After listening to the song, she felt a surge of excitement.

13. Word: Heed (सावधानी)

Pronunciation: heed/हीड
Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
Meaning:
a. pay attention to; take notice of. [Verb]

b. careful attention [Noun]

Synonyms: notice, regard, caution
Antonyms: neglect, ignore, disregard
Use in a Sentence: He failed to heed the exercises of social science

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