Challenging Words In The Article The Hindu | 21 September 2018
All vocabulary: https://padhobeta.com/blog/category/the-hindu-word-meaning/
1. Word: Retaliatory (प्रतिशोध का)
Pronunciation: ri-tal-ee-eyt-ory/रीटैल्यटॉरी
Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning: (of an action) characterized by a desire for revenge.
Synonyms: vengeful, avenging, retributive
Antonyms: forgiving, benevolent
Use in a Sentence: He urged people not to resort to retaliatory violence.
2. Word: Skirmish (झगड़ा / छोटे टुकड़ों में भिड़ना)
Pronunciation: skur-mish / स्कर्मिश
Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
Meaning:
a. an episode of irregular or unplanned fighting, especially between small or outlying parts of armies or fleets. [Noun]
b. to engage in a minor battle or dispute. [Verb]
Synonyms: Clash, Fight, Scuffle, Brawl
Antonyms: Peace, Accord
Use in a Sentence: When the temper of both teams erupted, it resulted in minor skirmishes.
3. Word: Escalation (तेजी)
Pronunciation: es-kuh-le-sion/एस्कलैशन
Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning:
a. a rapid increase; a rise.
b. an increase in the intensity or seriousness of something; an intensification.
Synonyms: increase, elevation
Antonyms: reduction, decrease
Use in Sentence: A further escalation of the change now seems determined.
4. Word: Concur (सहमत होना)
Pronunciation: kuh n-kur/कन्कर
Part of Speech: Verb
Meaning:
a. be of the same opinion; agree.
b. happen or occur at the same time; coincide.
Synonyms: accord, assent
Antonyms: dissent, oppose
Use in a Sentence: My father concurs absolutely with my decision.
5. Word: Retreat (निर्णय बदलना)
Pronunciation: ri-treet/रीट्रीट
Part of Speech: Verb/Noun
Meaning:
a. an act of changing one’s mind or plans as a result of criticism or difficulty. [Noun]
b. (of an army) withdraw from enemy forces as a result of their superior power or after a defeat. [verb]
c. withdraw to a quiet or secluded place. [verb]
Synonyms: recede, depart
Antonyms: remain, progression
Use in a Sentence: The man made a tactful retreat before they started arguing.
6. Word: Punitive (दण्डकर)
Pronunciation: pyoo-ni-tiv/प्यूनिटिव
Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning: inflicting or intended as punishment.
Synonyms: harsh, corrective
Antonyms: rehabilitative, rewarding
Use in a Sentence: The government is expected to take punitive steps against offenders
7. Word: Wither (नष्ट हो जाना)
Pronunciation: with-er/विदर
Part of Speech: Verb
Meaning: fall into decay or decline.
Synonyms: fade, weaken
Antonyms: bloom, develop
Use in a Sentence: In autumn the leaves wither and fall off the trees.
8. Word: Ratchet up (बढ़ावा)
Pronunciation: rach-it -up/रैचट अप
Part of Speech: Phrasal verb with Ratchet
Meaning: to increase something over a period of time
Synonyms: surge, boost
Antonyms: decline, drop
Use in a Sentence: The debate should ratchet up awareness of the problem among members of the general public.
9. Word: Fly in the face of (के स्पष्ट विपरीत होना)
Part of Speech: Phrase of fly
Meaning: be openly at variance with (what is usual or expected).
Synonyms: call out, challenge
Antonyms: pay attention, take advice
Use in a Sentence: You can’t fly in the face of business rules and expect to be successful.
10. Word: Stave off (निवारण करना)
Part of Speech: Verb
Meaning: to avert or hold off (something undesirable or harmful), esp temporarily
Synonyms: obviate, avoid
Antonyms: foster, take a look
Use in a Sentence: We were hoping to stave off these difficult decisions until January.
11. Word: Up (or raise) the ante (विद्रोह ग्रस्त )
Part of Speech: Phrase of ante
Meaning: increase what is at stake or under discussion, especially in a conflict or dispute.
Synonyms: raise the bar,
Antonyms: lower standards
Use in Sentence: I think the situation did up the ante quite a bit.
12. Word: Parochialism (संकीर्णता)
Pronunciation: puh-roh-kee-uh-liz-uh m/परोकीअलिज़्म
Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: a limited or narrow outlook, especially focused on a local area; narrow-mindedness.
Synonyms: prejudice, separation
Antonyms: open-mindedness, accomplishment
Use in a Sentence: There is no room for parochialism in our model of the future
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