Challengeing Words In The Article The Hindu | 5 March 2018
1)Profligacy (noun) ( भ्रष्टाचार,अय्याशी): pro-fli-gay-ci
Meaning – reckless extravagance or wastefulness in the use of resources/ wildly extravagance/shamelessly immoral
Synonyms – recklessness, profusion, exorbitance, harlotry, lecherousness
Antonyms – economical,frugality,lack
Example – During the prime minister’s campaign, he swore to put an end to fiscal profligacy.
2)Buoyant (adjective) ( प्रसन्नचित्त,प्रगतिशील): bo-yant
Meaning – joyful, optimistic and self-assured/ (of an economy, business, or market) involving or engaged in a much successful trade or activity
Synonyms – booming, strong, vigorous, burgeoning, thriving, growing
Antonyms – depressed,down,deteriorate
Example -Car sales are buoyant as the Price has been decreased in the new budget.
3)Leeway (noun) ( छूट,स्वतंत्रता): li-way
Meaning – the amount of freedom or flexibility to move or act that is available.
Synonyms – freedom, liberty, licence
Antonyms – constraint, restriction
Example -I have no leeway to suggest anything to my father.
4)Undergird (verb) ( लौटा): under-gird
Meaning – provide support or a firm basis for.
Synonyms – bolster,hold,reinforce,uphold,base
Antonyms – undermine, weaken, contradict
Example -Faith undergirds moral principles.
5)Pare (verb) – ( छाँटना,कम करना): pah-re
Meaning – reduce (something) in size, extent, or quantity in a number of small successive stages/trim (something) by cutting away its outer edges.
Synonyms – cut down,decrease,lowe,prune,reduce,slash
Antonyms – expand, grow, increase, raise
Example -Union leaders publicly pared down their demands when the state government paid no attention to them.
6)Laggard (noun) ( सुस्त): la-guard
Meaning – moving or proceeding at less than the normal, desirable, or required speed
Synonyms – dawdler, straggler, idler, delayer, sluggard
Antonyms – expeditious, prompt, ready accelerated, hastened, quickened
Example – Because Jenna is always the last one to arrive in the class, she is considered thelaggard of our class.
7)Beset (verb) ( घेर लेना): be-set
Meaning – be covered or studded with/(of a problem or difficulty) trouble (someone or something) persistently/
Synonyms – Perplex,surround, encircle,storm,enclose,invade
Antonyms – surrender,aid,assist,release,loose
Example -The country is beset by severe economic problems.
Idioms/Phrases :
8)On the face of it (phrase) ( ऊपर-ऊपर से,पहली नज़र में,प्रत्यक्षतः):
Meaning – without knowing all of the relevant facts; apparently.
Synonyms – ostensibly, superficially, apparently, seemingly, evidently, outwardly
Antonyms – improbably, unlikely, dubiously
Example – Things seem to be improving on the face of it, but there is still a huge problem with crime in the inner city.
9)Out of the woods (phrase) – ( कठिनाइयों से बाहर):
Meaning – Out of difficulties, danger or trouble/past a critical phase
Synonyms – intact,protect,secure
Antonyms -insecure, in danger, unprotected
Example – When the patient got out of the woods, everyone relaxed.
10)Bear in mind (phrase) – ( ध्यान में रखना):
Meaning – To remember, think about, or consider someone or something (in regard to something else)/To remember and consider something when making a decision or before taking action
Synonyms -think about, consider, include, take into account, be mindful, remember
Antonyms – ignore,exclude,neglect
Example – Before you ask for a raise, bear in mindthat the company isn’t doing well financially right now.
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